![]() ![]() Beginning about 1890 and gaining momentum into the 1930s and 1940s, stucco was associated with certain historic architectural styles, including: Prairie Art Deco and Art Moderne Spanish Colonial, Mission, Pueblo, Mediterranean, English Cotswold Cottage, and Tudor Revival styles as well as the ubiquitous bungalow and four-square house. ![]() The introduction of the many revival styles of architecture around the turn of the 20th century, combined with the improvement and increased availability of Portland cement, resulted in a craze for stucco as a building material in the United States. The stucco finish on Arlington House, Arlington, Virginia, was marbleized in the 1 All of these are regional variations on traditional mixtures of mud, clay, lime, chalk, cement, gravel or straw. Other historic treatments and coatings related to stucco, in that they consist (at least in part) of a similarly plastic or malleable material, include: parging and pargeting, wattle and daub, "cob" or chalk mud, pise de terre, rammed earth, briquete entre poteaux or bousillage, half-timbering, and adobe. "Render" and "rendering" are also terms used to describe stucco, especially in Great Britain. By the 19th century "stucco," although originally denoting fine interior ornamental plasterwork, had gained wide acceptance in the United States to describe exterior plastering. Historically, the term "plaster" has often been interchangeable with "stucco" the term is still favored by many, particularly when referring to the traditional lime-based coating. ![]() Up until the late 1800s, stucco, like mortar, was primarily lime-based, but the popularization of Portland cement changed the composition of stucco, as well as mortar, to a harder material. Still widely used throughout the world, it is one of the most common of traditional building materials. Stucco has been used since ancient times. The stucco on the early-19th century Richardson-Owens-Thomas House in Savannah, Georgia, is a type of natural cement. Each project is unique, with its own set of problems that require individual solutions. Although several stucco mixes are representative of different periods, they are provided here for reference. Successful stucco repair requires the skill and experience of a professional plasterer. Stucco is a material of deceptive simplicity in most cases, its repair should not be undertaken by a property owner unfamiliar with the art of plastering. Like most historic building materials, stucco is at the mercy of the elements, and even though it is a protective coating, it is particularly susceptible to water damage. Age and lack of maintenance hasten the deterioration of many historic stucco buildings. Historic stucco is also sometimes incorrectly viewed as a sacrificial coating, and consequently removed to reveal stone, brick or logs that historically were never intended to be exposed. It is so common, in fact, that it frequently goes unnoticed, and is often disguised or used to imitate another material. Stucco is found in many forms on historic structures throughout the United States. The term "stucco" is used to describe a type of exterior plaster applied as a two- or three-part coating directly onto masonry, or applied over wood or metal lath to a log or wood frame structure. ![]()
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